Lecture note - Social research - Making questionnaire

Checklist :) 

• Start with easy questions
• Design should be logical
• Introduce difficult and sensitive questions carefully
• Instructions must be clear and consistent 
• Make items clear  e.g. “Do you agree with the peace agreement?” 
• Answers should match the questions and set of options 
• e.g. “Are you satisfied with Ateneo education?” “barely, sometimes, often, very”
• Answers should be mutually exclusive 
• e.g. “How often do you study?” “everyday, everynight, every weekend, once a week, more than once a week, monthly, never” 
• NO double-barreled questions 
• e.g.  “Do you think that K-12 will make our students globally competitive and our education standards globally at par?”
• NO leading questions 
• e.g. “Numbers of working women is increasing. Do you agree that male must participate household chore?”
• NO assuming questions 
• e.g. “How often do you go out with your gf/bf?”
• NO difficult words
• What do you think about series of news about Embryonic Stem Cell?
• NO negative questions 
• e.g. “Do you NOT agree..”
• NO ambiguity 
• e.g. Which one you support, big government or small government?  

Lecture note - Social research - Sampling

Sampling

Why we Why do we need to have sample?

To research entire population

- Too expensive to study

 - Too complicated

Terms

Representatives – if the aggregate characteristics of the sample closely approximate those same aggregate characteristics in the population

Population – aggregation of elements from which the sample is selected

Sample – selected element or respondent

Sampling bias – The over representation or under representation of some segment of the population in terms of a characteristic relevant to the research questions.

Probability sampling

- Involves random selection of elements in which each element has a chance of being selected.

- Primary method of selecting large, representative samples

- Provide useful descriptions of the total population

- Sample of individuals from a population containing essentially the same variations that exist in the population

e.g. Simple random sampling,  Systematic sampling, Stratified sampling, Cluster sampling, Stage sampling etc… 

Non-probability sampling

Involves non-random methods in the selection of elements in which not all have equal chances of being selected.

e.g. Snowball sampling, Quota Sampling etc…

Probability Sampling

Simple Random Sampling

- Selecting sample at random

- All samples have equal chance to be chosen   

e.g. using random numbers, toss a coin or dice… 

Systematic Sampling

- Every kth element in the total list is systematically chosen

Stratified Sampling

- Appropriate numbers of elements are drawn from homogeneous subsets of the population

- To avoid to include something not related to your research

Cluster Sampling

- cost effective sampling method
- divide the population into cluster and chose which clusters to measure 

Non-probability sampling

Convenient sampling
- Choosing the sample who are available at that time.

Judgmental Sampling Method/ Purposive Sampling Method

-The sample is based on the judgment of who the researcher thinks would be the best for the sample

Quota sampling

Judgment is used to select the subjects from each segment based on a specific proportion

e.g. gender, income levels, age, educational level

Snowball sampling

building up a sample through informants

First and foremost, Please read How Sociologist Do research.

INFORMATION!

Attend the lecture.

Understanding the Bangsamoro Basic Law
By Mr. Ramon B. Beleno
Date: December 2nd 2015, 4:30-6:00PM
Venue: Arrupe Convention Hall

BBL is our coverage of sociology class.
It is going to be a good learning opportunity for us.

Assignment 2

Assignment:  Do social research by the group.

Maximum 5 in 1 group

-Research must include data gathering. This time, student must gather data by yourself. 

-Write the report 

Reading for this “ How sociologists do research  by James Henslin”

Due day: Last day of the class before the Christmas break.

MWF class: December 18th 2015 Friday

MW class: December 17th 2015 Thursday

TTH class: December 16th 2015 Wednesday

(Deadliest deadline is December 19th Saturday) 

P.S. Do not leave your paper on my desk. It might be lost. 

Please find me and hand it to me!

* Delayed submission won’t be accepted by a teacher. 

Lecture note - Sociological Perspective

We studies major sociological perspectives - Functionalism. Conflict theory and Interventionism

Functionalist Perspective
- Emphasizes the way that parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability.
Views society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole.
- Each part must contribute or it will not be passed on from one generation to the next.

Under Functionalism, there are three category to mention
Functionalist Perspective
- Manifest Function: institutions are open, stated, conscious functions.
・They involve the intended, recognized, consequences of an aspect of society.
e.g. police- to maintain the social order
      School - to educate population

- Latent Functions: unconscious or unintended functions.
・It may reflect hidden purposes of an institution.
e.g. School – to find the partner

-Dysfunction: an element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability.
e.g. Festival – to cause traffic jam

      Gang group inside prison 

Conflict Perspective

・Assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups.

・Conflict is not necessarily violent.

・Conflict can be over economics or over competing values.

・Conflict can be the motivation to move our society.

Interactionist Perspective

・Generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole.

・Interactionism is a sociological framework for viewing human beings as living in a world of meaningful objects. These “objects” may include material things, actions, other people, relationships, and even symbols.

Mislenious - just for your reminder

Inside class
Be open to something new
Actively participate the discussion
Respect others
Submit the assignment on time
Approach a teacher if you have a question. (your question might benefit to other students as well)

Absences

We follow the rule therefore if you exceed number of absences, you will be marked as AF

1.5 hours class - 3 times

1 hours class - 5 times

Be mindful numbers of absences.

Plagiarism

- All of your submitted output of the course must be original.

- The output must not be already submitted in another subject.

- Proper citation is needed.

If you against these, you will receive failing mark for your output.

Assignment 1

Welcome to the class.

I hope you may find well the course outline!

As I have said, I may add and delete some of these sub content based on your interest.

But I will do this after I ask you whether it is ok or not.

Our first assignment is the following.

1. Read sociological imagination by Wright Mills

   The promise of sociology by C. Wright Mills (pp. 19-26)  in Down to earth sociology (9thEd.) by James Henslin

2. Come up simple definition based on your understanding.

3. Give an example

BE ORIGINAL

Submission:
November 12th  (TTH class)

November 13th (MWF class)

November 16th (MW class)

SY2015-2016 2nd semester Course outline

Topics of Readings and course requirement

My consultation time: 
Monday: 8:30-11:00
Tuesday: 9:00-10:00
Wednesday: 8:30-10:30
Thursday: 9:00-10:00
Friday:9:00-10:00

Venue: Faculty lounge (Dolan 1st floor)

Introduction, scope of Sociology

What can sociology study?

I. Discipline of Sociology
a. Sociological imagination, history and biography : Sociological imagination, foci of sociology

・  Readings: The promise of sociology by C. Wright Mills (pp. 19-26) 

Invitation to sociology by Peter Berger (pp. 3-7) in Down to earth sociology (9thEd.) by James Henslin

・  Key concepts: sociology, sociological imagination, history of sociology, Macro and Micro sociology

b. Theoretical perspectives in sociology

・  Readings: The uses of poverty: The poor pay all by Herbert Gans (pp. 314-320) in Down to earth sociology (9th Ed.) by James Henslin
Out of utopia: Out of Utopia: Toward a Reorientation of Sociological Analysis Author(s): Ralf Dahrendorf Source: American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 64, No. 2 (Sep., 1958), pp. 115-127

http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~hoganr/SOC%20602/Spring%202014/Dahrendorf%201958.pdf

・  Key concepts: Functionalism, Conflict theory and symbolic interaction

Requirement:  Assignment: ReadC. Wright Mills’ Sociological Imagination and define "sociological imagination"

Quiz 1: Theoretical perspective

II. Sociology as a Science

a. Origin of scientific method

・  Key concepts: Epistemology, empiricism, ontology, idealism, constructivism, interpretivism, induction, deduction 

・   Work: give an examples of induction, deduction

b. Methods of Sociological Research

・  Readings: How sociologists do research by James Henslin (pp. 31-42) in Down to earth sociology (9th Ed.) by James Henslin

The role of theory in sociology by Janet Saltzman Chafetz (pp. 15-20) in readings for introducing sociology (Ed.) Richard Larson and Ronald Knapp

・  Key concepts: Research model, surveys, experiments, data-gathering, qualitative and quantitative

c.  Practice of Research

・  Readings: Street corner society by William Foote Whyte (pp. 59-67) in Down to earth sociology (9th Ed.) by James Henslin

The Case for Value-Free Sociology by Max Weber (pp. 22- 23) in Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology

・  Key concepts:  Value-Free Sociology, participant observation

Requirement:  Write simple research sociological research

Quiz 2.  Research method

III. Self and Groups

a.  Sociological Approaches to the Self

・  Reading: The presentation of self in everyday life by Erving Goffman (pp. 117-127) Down to earth sociology (9th Ed.) by James Henslin

・  Key concepts: self, impression management, dramaturgical approach

b.  Agents of Socialization

・  Reading: The Self by George Herbert Mead (pp. 80-87) Down to earth sociology (9th Ed.) by James Henslin

・  Key concepts:  agent of socialization, institutions, Stages in Child Development

Assignment:  Draw yourself. Showing who you think you are and another showing who people think you are.

Quiz 3

IV. Culture

a. Culture and Society

・  Reading:  What Culture Is by A.L. Kroeber (pp.36-40) in Seeing Ourselves: Classic,

Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology**　1989 Edition

・  Key concepts: Norms, Sanctions (formal and informal, positive and negative)

b. Elements of Culture

・  Reading: Town fiesta: An anthropologist’s view by Frank Lynch (pp. 219-236) in Philippine society and the individual

・  Key concepts: culture as learned and shared, material and non-material culture, components of culture (gestures, languages, values, etc.)

c. Cultural Variation

・  Reading:  Assimilation in American Life by Milton M. Gordon International Migration Digest Vol. 1, No. 2 (Autumn, 1964), pp. 232-235

・  Key concepts: cultural assimilation

Quiz 4

V. Social Structure and Social Control
a. Elements of Social Structure

・  Reading:

・  Key concepts:  social reality,

b. Types of Social Control

・  Reading:

・  Key concepts:

c. Conformity and Deviance

・  Reading: Suicide by Emile Durkheim (pp. 125-131) in Readings for introducing sociology (Ed.) Richard Larson and Ronald Knapp

・  Key concepts: norms, rules, labeling, anomie

・  Assignment: Interview a Barangay Chairman/Official. Describe his/her programs in eradicating drug addiction/crimes in your locality. What measures are undertaken to prevent this?

Requirement: Interview a Barangay Chairman/Official. Describe his/her programs in eradicating drug addiction/crimes in your locality. What measures are undertaken to prevent this?
Come to class deviant

VI. The Family and Intimate Relationships
a. Sociological Perspectives on the Family

・  Reading: The Origin of the Family by Kathleen Gough (pp.238-247) in Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology Marriage and Diverse Lifestyles**　   1989 Edition

・  Key concepts: family planning, marriage, kinship
 

b. Marriage and Diverse Lifestyles

・  Reading: The Violent Family by Suzanne K. Steinmetz (pp.248-254) in Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology Stratification  **　1989 Edition

・  Key concepts:  monogamy, polygamy

c. Family related issues

・  Reading: World population crisis by Paul A. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich (pp. 374-383) in Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology Stratification  **　1989 Edition

* Reading material might be changed.

・  Key concepts: issues of family, domestic violence, (Family related topics : RH bills, Population, HIV/AIDS, OFW ...)

VII. Stratification

 a.  Class and inequality

・  Readings:  Some principles of Stratifications by Kingsley et al (pp. 159-)

Big and little people: Social class in the rural Philippines by Frank Lynch (pp. 104-111) in Philippine society and the individual

Homeless on the Streets of New York by John R. Coleman (pp. 78 - 89) in Seeing Ourselves: Classic, Contemporary, and Cross-Cultural Readings in Sociology Marriage and Diverse Lifestyles**　   1989 Edition

・  Video: The Slum - Episode 3: Storm Rising, Aljazeera http://video.aljazeera.com/channels/eng/videos/the-slum---episode-3%3A-storm-rising/3819055288001

・  Key concepts: stratification

b.  Categorically  differences (Religion and Ethnicity)

・  Reading: Ethno-religious groups, identification, trust and social distance in the ethno-religiously stratified Philippines by Menandro Abanes et al. in Research in Social    Stratification and Mobility (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2014.02.001)

・  Key concepts:

c.  Sex and gender

・  Reading: The role of theory in sociology by Janet Saltzman Chafetz (pp. 15-20) in readings for introducing sociology (Ed.) Richard Larson and Ronald Knapp

・  Key concepts: sex, gender, gender roles, social construction of gender

d. Categorical differences (ethnicity and religion)

・  Reading: Ethno-religious groups, identification, trust and social distance in the ethno-religiously stratified Philippines by Menandro Abanes et al. in Research in Social Stratification and Mobility (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2014.02.001) and draft BBL

・  Key concepts: religion in the context of sociology, ethnicity, religion, social distance, trust, identification, Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL)

VIII. On Social Change

 a. Factors Leading to Social Change

・  Reading: Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (pp.

     58-65)

・  Key concepts: vested interest, superstructure, historical materialism, substructure

 b. Social Change Theories

・  Reading: The Meeting Place by John Paul Lederach

     Journey Towards Reconciliation, forthcoming from Harald Press, Spring 1998.

     http://conflict.colorado.edu/the-meeting-place.html

・  Key concepts: positive peace, negative peace, cultural violence, direct violence, structural violence, peacemaking, peacekeeping, peacebuilding

c.  Globalization

・  Reading: The McDonaldization of society by George Ritzer (pp. 494-504) in Down to earth sociology (9th Ed.) by James Henslin

・  Key concepts: rationalization, McDonaldization, consumerism 

Reminder: Survey

I asked you to cooperate to be a part of the survey.
These who had done, I really appreciated it.  arigato :)

Our department, Social Science is still waiting for more submission.
If you are willing to submit this, please bring it during the exam time. I can pass to the department. 

Your participation will be considered as a part of class standing. 

The below is the information. Please read it carefully.

*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆**☆*ﾟ*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆
Dear Students,

This survey intends to determine and understand the demographic, economic and political characteristics of ADNU students. 

Through your honest and correct answers to the needed information asked below, you will be helping us in making appropriate 

interventions for you as students and as young citizens of this country. We ask you to please follow the following instructions carefully: 

1. Download and print this survey form from your respective class FB group account or APLIA accounts or have the form photocopied;
2. Print answers in capital letters using black or blue ink
3. Do not leave any required information unanswered, write N/A if necessary
4. Attach the following a) grades last school year; b) matriculation forms; c) 2014 Income Tax Return (ITR)
5. You must submit the accomplished form including the required attachments in a long size brown envelope on August 19
(Wednesday) and August 20 (Thursday) to your respective teachers.
Before the final exam ends

Rest assured that the data that you will be sharing with us will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆**☆*ﾟ*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆*ﾟ･*:.｡. .｡.:*･*☆



Thank you

The Final Exam!

Some students approached me. Their concern is surely the coverage of the exam.
So I am going to write something about it for these who missed information during the class time and want to know more about it :)

1) Form of questions
Section A is multiple choices
Section B is essay type

My focus on Section A question is three sociological perspectives.  Aside from that, gender, culture and self.

Section B
Coverage is from the beginning!

As I have said, as long as you participate my class and discussion, this exam might not be challenging.

Good luck and see you in the final exam

Lecture note - Stratification Class and inequality 1

Understanding Stratification
Systems of Stratification

Ascribed Status: 
A social position assigned to a person without regard for that person’s unique characteristics or talents.
Achieved Status: 
A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. 

Systems of Stratification
Ascribed Status: 
A social position assigned to a person without regard for that person’s unique characteristics or talents.
Achieved Status: 
A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. 

Perspectives on Stratification
Karl Marx on Class Differentiation
Class differentiation is the crucial determinant of social, economic, and political inequality.
Class struggle as the result of the conflict between owners and workers.
Exploitation of the working class, or proletariat, will lead to the destruction of capitalist society. 

Max Weber’s View
Weber insisted that class does not totally define a person’s position with the stratification system
According to Weber, each of us has not 
one, but three ranks in society:
- Class
- Status
- Power 

Understanding Stratification
Systems of Stratification
Poverty
Approximately one out of every nine people in the United States lives below the poverty line.
Is measured by purchasing power
Sociologists distinguish different types of poverty:
Absolute poverty

Relative poverty

Final requirement - Sociological paper -

Sociological paper is the last requirement for this sociology class. But it does not mean really the "last". I will give you small assignment for coming week.
I simply want to inform you this earlier since we won't have much classes on September.
As you know, we won't have classes during Intramural and Penafrancia, which made me sad :(

You know what is the "sociological paper". I won't discuss here what does it mean. Simply put, it is "human" related action.

Examples of possible topics:

Littering, Street Children, Teacher and student relationship and so on...

** I strongly recommend that topic must be related to your daily life or you observe which made you wonder.

Contents: You can read the assigned reading for the session of social research.
If I can mention, I will say the following; 

1) Addressing issue(s)

2) Justification of #1

3) Hypothesis 

4) Methodology 

5) Result

6) Conclusion

Deadline of submission: Each class has different date so, I won't post here to avoid confusion. 

Format: Free (Be creative) .It is up to you how to present your research. 

I also accept the group work. But I accept the number which is maxim three (3) persons in one (1) group.

STRICTLY NO PLAGIARISM 

Please feel free to ask if you have any questions and qualification. 

My consultation time: 

MWF 1:30- 2:30

TTH 2:30-4:30

Links of documentary - You can watch them ! -

These are documentaries which related to our class discussion. Unfortunately, we can not watch them together during class hour. But I recommend you to watch them.

101 East - Saving Mary Jane
With just minutes to spare, Filipina Mary Jane Veloso escaped death by an Indonesian firing squad that executed eight other foreigners found guilty of drug trafficking.
Source: Al Jazeera

The Slum - Episode 3: Storm RisingIt is one of the stories of the series of documentary. This story is about people life and the storm which kills people and destroys their life.

http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeraworld/2015/09/dalit-muslims-india-150902080746653.html

Lecture note - Social structure and Social control 1

1. Social Interaction and Reality

•Social Structure: The product of human agency, social structures express the fact that what people intend should never be confused with what results.

  - The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology P587

Social structure refers to the way society is organized into predictable relationships.

Q. How do we define our social reality?

People can reconstruct the social reality through: 

- a process of internal change

- taking a different view of everyday behavior 

- negotiation 

2. Elements of Social Structure

Examine social predictable social relationships 

From the following five elements

- Status
- Social role
- Groups
- Social Networks

- Social Institutions 

Status 

Status refers to any of the socially defined positions within a large group or society.

A person holds more than one status simultaneously.

e.g. president, daughter, student, neighbor

Ascribed Status:

Achieved Status:

Master Status:

- is given by others 

- feel it as most important 

- can be based on any status It shapes person’s life! (positive either negative)

- can be an element to your identity that others would not realize simply by looking at you

- come with sense of prestige. The consensus from the community around them that a status is to be desired. 

- on the other hand, when a status is seen as undesirable, the status may be stigmatized.

- does not coordinate with persons 

Q. In what case, ascribed status become an obstacle of gaining certain achieved status? 

3. The Role of Socialization
Social Roles is sets of expectations for people who occupy a given status.

Role Conflict:
Role conflict is the challenge of occupying two social positions simultaneously.

Role Strain:
Role strain describes the difficulties that result from the differing demands and expectations associated with the same social position.

Role Exit:
Role Exit describes the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one’s identity, and the establishment of a new role.

Group(s):
is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with each other on a regular basis.
Every society is composed of many groups in which daily social interaction takes place.
include those groups who interact electronically.

Reference:

• Schaefer, Richard T. 2004. Sociology, 9th edition New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.

Survey on students taking subjects under the Social Sciences Department

Kindly open the link, download and print the file here. 

Follow the instructions in the survey form, accomplish it and submit on or before 20 August, Thursday. 

Dios mabalos po!

Lecture note - research method - Surveys

Survey

• Tool for measuring attitudes and orientations  in a large population

• Best method available to collect original data for describing a population too large to observe directly

Non-probability sampling – for obtaining information about specific groups

・Purposive / judgemental sampling

e.g. researching cancer patient 

・Snowball sampling

e.g. researching gang group, underground organization, terrorist organization..

・Quota sampling : the researcher selects sample from some fixed quota

When it is difficult to conduct probability sampling or it has no meaning to select respondent randomly.

Probability sampling

• Primary method of selecting large, representative samples

• Provide useful descriptions of the total population

• Sample of individuals from a population containing essentially the same variations that exist in the population

•Representativeness – if the aggregate characteristics of the sample closely approximate those same aggregate characteristics in the population

• Population – aggregation of elements from which the sample is selected

• Sample – selected element or respondent

• Sampling bias – those selected are not typical or representative of the larger population they have been chosen from

Questionnaire

Operationalization – measurement

> validity – what we intend to measure

> reliability – extent to which measures give consistent results

Open-ended questions – respondents provide answers

Close-ended questions – respondents elect an answer from the list of options

Make items clear – “Do you agree with the peace agreement?”

Make relevant questions Answers should match the questions and set of options – “Are you satisfied with Ateneo education?” “barely, sometimes, often, very”

Answers should be mutually exclusive – “How often do you study?” “everyday, everynight, every weekend, once a week, more than once a week, monthly, never”

NO double-barreled questions –

“Do you think that K-12 will make our students globally competitive and our education standards globally at par?”

NO questions with possibly different standards – “Do you think that students today are liberal?”

NO leading questions – “Due to changing times, do you agree that government policies must adapt to the changes?”

NO assuming questions – “How often do you go out with your gf/bf?”

NO difficult words - Embryonic Stem Cell

NO negative questions – “Do you NOT agree..”

NO ambiguity - e.g. Which one you support, big government or small government?